| Northern Collared Lemming | |
|---|---|
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Cricetidae |
| Genus: | Dicrostonyx |
| Species: | D. groenlandicus |
| Binomial name | |
| Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Traill, 1823) |
|
| Synonyms | |
|
kilangmiutak Anderson & Rand, 1945 |
|
The Northern Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus), sometimes called the Peary Land Collared Lemming in Canada, is a small North American lemming. At one time, it was considered to be a subspecies of the Arctic Lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus). Some sources believe that several other species of collared lemmings found in North America are actually subspecies of the Northern Collared Lemming.
It has a short chunky body covered with thick grey fur with a thin black stripe along its back and light grey underparts. It has small ears, short legs and a very short tail. It has a pale brown collar across its chest. In winter, its fur turns white (believed to be the only rodent that does this) and it has large digging claws on its front feet. It is 14 cm long with a 1.5 cm tail and weighs about 40 g.
This animal is found in the tundra of northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland. It feeds on grasses, sedges and other green vegetation in summer and twigs of willow, aspen and birches in winter. Predators include snowy owls, gulls, wolverines, the Arctic Fox and the Polar Bear.
Female lemmings have 2 or 3 litters of 4 to 8 young in a year. The young are born in a nest in an underground burrow or concealed in vegetation.
It is active year round, day and night. It makes runways through the surface vegetation and also digs underground burrows above the permafrost. It burrows under the snow in winter. Lemming populations go through a 3 or 4 year cycle of boom and bust. When their population peaks, lemmings disperse from overcrowded areas.